{"product_id":"atomic-audit-the-costs-and-consequences-of-u-s-nuclear-weapons-since-1940","title":"Atomic Audit: The Costs and Consequences of U.S. Nuclear Weapons Since 1940","description":"\"\u003cp\u003eSince 1945, the United States has manufactured and deployed more than 70,000 nuclear weapons to deter and if necessary fight a nuclear war. Some observers believe the absence of a third world war confirms that these weapons were a prudent and cost-effective response to the uncertainty and fear surrounding the Soviet Union's military and political ambitions during the cold war. As early as 1950, nuclear weapons were considered relatively inexpensive-- providing \"\"a bigger bang for a buck\"\"--and were thoroughly integrated into U.S. forces on that basis. Yet this assumption was never validated. Indeed, for more than fifty years scant attention has been paid to the enormous costs of this effort--more than $5 trillion thus far--and its short and long-term consequences for the nation. Based on four years of extensive research, Atomic Audit is the first book to document the comprehensive costs of U.S. nuclear weapons, assembling for the first time anywhere the actual and estimated expenditures for the program since its creation in 1940. The authors provide a unique perspective on U.S. nuclear policy and nuclear weapons, tracking their development from the Manhattan Project of World War II to the present day and assessing each aspect of the program, including research, development, testing, and production; deployment; command, control, communications, and intelligence; and defensive measures. They also examine the costs of dismantling nuclear weapons, the management and disposal of large quantities of toxic and radioactive wastes left over from their production, compensation for persons harmed by nuclear weapons activities, nuclear secrecy, and the economic implications of nuclear deterrence.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eUtilizing archival and newly declassified government documents and data, this richly documented book demonstrates how a variety of factors--the open-ended nature of nuclear deterrence, faulty assumptions about the cost-effectiveness of nuclear weapons, regular misrepresentati\"\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAuthor:\u003c\/b\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/sureshotbooks-com.myshopify.com\/search?type=product%2Carticle%2Cpage\u0026amp;q=AUTH-382901\"\u003eStephen I. Schwartz\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/b\u003e Brookings Institution Press\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublished:\u003c\/b\u003e 06\/01\/1998\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePages:\u003c\/b\u003e 700\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eBinding Type:\u003c\/b\u003e Paperback\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eWeight:\u003c\/b\u003e 2.73lbs\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 9.30h x 7.55w x 1.29d\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN13:\u003c\/b\u003e 9780815777731\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eISBN10:\u003c\/b\u003e 0815777736\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eBISAC Categories:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e- \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/sureshotbooks-com.myshopify.com\/search?type=product%2Carticle%2Cpage\u0026amp;q=CAT-POL\"\u003ePolitical Science\u003c\/a\u003e | \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/sureshotbooks-com.myshopify.com\/search?type=product%2Carticle%2Cpage\u0026amp;q=BISAC-POL040000\"\u003eAmerican Government | General\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e- \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/sureshotbooks-com.myshopify.com\/search?type=product%2Carticle%2Cpage\u0026amp;q=CAT-HIS\"\u003eHistory\u003c\/a\u003e | \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/sureshotbooks-com.myshopify.com\/search?type=product%2Carticle%2Cpage\u0026amp;q=BISAC-HIS027030\"\u003eMilitary | Nuclear Warfare\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e- \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/sureshotbooks-com.myshopify.com\/search?type=product%2Carticle%2Cpage\u0026amp;q=CAT-TEC\"\u003eTechnology \u0026amp; Engineering\u003c\/a\u003e | \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/sureshotbooks-com.myshopify.com\/search?type=product%2Carticle%2Cpage\u0026amp;q=BISAC-TEC025000\"\u003eMilitary Science\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbout the Author\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u003cb\u003eStephen I. Schwartz\u003c\/b\u003e is a guest scholar with the Foreign Policy Studies program at the Brookings Institution and director of the U.S. Nuclear Weapons Cost Study Project. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Brookings Institution Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44443593507053,"sku":"9780815777731","price":66.58,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0550\/8097\/6621\/products\/img_f0c4aace-6726-455f-a26f-712545b6193d.jpg?v=1700232966","url":"https:\/\/sureshotbooks.com\/products\/atomic-audit-the-costs-and-consequences-of-u-s-nuclear-weapons-since-1940","provider":"SureShot Books Publishing LLC","version":"1.0","type":"link"}